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c The time signature (also known as meter signature,〔Alexander R. Brinkman, ''Pascal Programming for Music Research'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990): 443, 450–63, 757, 759, 767. ISBN 0226075079; Mary Elizabeth Clark and David Carr Glover, ''Piano Theory: Primer Level'' (Miami: Belwin Mills, 1967): 12; Steven M. Demorest, ''Building Choral Excellence: Teaching Sight-Singing in the Choral Rehearsal'' (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003): 66. ISBN 0195165500; William Duckworth, ''A Creative Approach to Music Fundamentals'', eleventh edition (Boston, MA: Schirmer Cengage Learning, 2013): 54, 59, 379. ISBN 0840029993; Edwin Gordon, ''Tonal and Rhythm Patterns: An Objective Analysis: A Taxonomy of Tonal Patterns and Rhythm Patterns and Seminal Experimental Evidence of Their Difficulty and Growth Rate'' (Albany: SUNY Press, 1976): 36, 37, 54, 55, 57. ISBN 0873953541; Demar Irvine, Reinhard G. Pauly, Mark A. Radice, ''Irvine’s Writing about Music'', third edition (Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1999): 209–10. ISBN 1574670492.〕 metre signature,〔Henry Cowell and David Nicholls, ''New Musical Resources'', third edition (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996): 63. ISBN 0521496519 (cloth); ISBN 0521499747 (pbk); Cynthia M. Gessele, "Thiéme, Frédéric (Friedrich )", ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001); James L. Zychowicz, ''Mahler's Fourth Symphony'' (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005): 82–83, 107. ISBN 0195181654.〕 or measure signature〔Edwin Gordon, ''Rhythm: Contrasting the Implications of Audiation and Notation'' (Chicago: GIA Publications, 2000): 111. ISBN 1579990983.〕) is a notational convention used in Western musical notation to specify how many beats (pulses) are to be contained in each bar and which note value is to be given one beat. In a musical score, the time signature appears at the beginning of the piece, as a time symbol or stacked numerals, such as 11px or (read ''common time'' and ''three-four time'', respectively), immediately following the key signature or immediately following the clef symbol if the key signature is empty. A mid-score time signature, usually immediately following a barline, indicates a change of meter. There are various types of time signatures, depending on whether the music follows simple rhythms or involves unusual shifting tempos, including: simple (such as or ), compound (e.g., or ), complex (e.g., or ), mixed (e.g., & or & ), additive (e.g., ), fractional (e.g., ), and irrational meters (e.g., or ). ==Simple time signatures== Simple time signatures consist of two numerals, one stacked above the other: * The ''lower'' numeral indicates the note value that represents one beat (the ''beat unit''). * The ''upper'' numeral indicates how many such beats there are grouped together in a bar. For instance, means two quarter-note (crotchet) beats per bar— means three eighth-note (quaver) beats per bar. The most common simple time signatures are , , and . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Time signature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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